Friday, August 31, 2012

Convergence Essay

The media industry of the 21st century has undergone tremendous changes affecting all participants, producers and consumers alike. Convergence, the digital phenomenon moulding the media industry, has confronted all contributing parties in an unprecedented way.  According to Jenkins, convergence is ‘the flow of content across multiple media platforms, the cooperation between multiple media industries and the migratory behaviour of media audiences’ (Jenkins, 2006, p2). In other words, it is not only the way in which we consume media as an audience, but the channels by which various means of media are presented.

Advertising maintains particular relevance here, as the forms of communication between advertisers and their target markets has been dramatically affected by the convergence movement. Consumers are constantly bombarded with advertisements, whether it is on a smart phone, a laptop, or other various media platforms. These social implications are strongly influenced by convergence. This is supported by Dwyer, who condones the idea that ‘convergence is never just a technological process but it is implicated in, and expressed as, profound and ongoing social, cultural and economic change’ (Dwyer, 2010, p8).

The fashion industry has experienced quite a transformation through the phenomenon of digital media convergence. With elite designers traditionally having control of the industry as a whole, the participatory culture of convergence has allowed for new attitudes to contribute. This essay will discuss how media convergence has altered the fashion industry in relation to advertising, with specific reference to the internationally recognised label ‘Dolce & Gabbana’.

The convergence phenomenon has instigated transformations within the industry on multiple levels. For one, the significance of bloggers within the fashion world has changed dramatically. Bloggers such as the Sartorialist and Tavi Gevinson are now considered as influential figures within the fashion industry, and are very closely followed by many around the world.

Khamis and Munt note the overwhelming change within the fashion industry, particularly in relation to bloggers. Through convergence, the presence of online commentary provided by these blogs has become a fundamental aspect of the industry. The online fashion blog also opens up the scope of opinion. Gevinson for example, is a fourteen year old girl from Chicago, who is now one of the most followed fashion bloggers in the world.


The emergence of blogging as such a significant contributor to the fashion world demonstrates how ‘amateurs have moved from the margins to the front row’ (Khamis, Munt, 2010, p2). Not only does this signify the impacts of convergence on the industry, but the designers are interested too. For example, in 2009 designers Dolce & Gabbana took the time at their SS10 catwalk show to talk to bloggers the Sartorialist, Bryan Boy and Tommy Tom from blog Jak & Jil and Garance Dorè.





Instances such as this reemphasise how bloggers have ‘seized the opportunities created by twenty-first century digital media- interactive, globalised, multimodal and fast – and energised a parallel force in fashion media: the online fashion blog’ (Khamis, Munt, 2010, p2).
Jenkins concurs with the notion that a cultural shift is happening as a result of convergence. He supports that convergence ‘represents a reconfiguration of media power and a reshaping of media aesthetics’ (Jenkins, 2004, p35). As suggested by blogging, there has been a powerful shift to the importance of citizen participation, and a conversational relationship, particularly in relation to advertising.  

Dolce & Gabbana has embraced the phenomenon of convergence, and thus utilised and incorporated it into their advertising strategies. By implementing tools such as online websites, social networking and online advertising campaigns, we can see how convergence has enabled D&G to stretch out their ability to reach audiences through an increasingly wider range of media platforms. This is affirmed by Khamis and Munt, who concur that a ‘collection launched by one of the major fashion houses today will invariably find multiple forms online: streamed as a YouTube runway show; fashion film; Facebook page…’ (Khamis, Munt, 2010, p1)

Social networking is now an essential aspect of the fashion world, whereby followers can actively participate in the commentary and happenings of the label. Facebook for example, allows group members to like, share or comment on the activities of the page, which all involve promotion of the brand.


The new advertising campaign for Dolce & Gabbana classic fragrances ‘Pour Femme & Pour Homme’ acts as a demonstration of this, whereby the label has utilised many of these media forms to increase exposure of their advertising. Facebook and YouTube are just two media platforms that allow access to the advertisement. Google search also increases the possibility of exposure to customers. An innovative media platform that has been implemented by Dolce & Gabbana is an iPhone application, which ‘represents a direct communication channel between the company and its customers. Its concept is to realise a new way of interaction and contact with the Dolce & Gabbana audience, using mobile devices in order to follow the users in their real life’ (Dolce & Gabbana S.R.L, 2012, available on iPhone Applications Store). 






These media platforms increase the advertising opportunities that a company has, and in the instance of Dolce & Gabbana and the fashion industry in general, there has been a tremendous transformation in their processes. Convergence has acted as a catalyst to the explosive response received by followers, as it enables a more interactive relationship between customers and the company. The emergence of blogging and the significance of social networking illustrate the increasingly interactive nature of the fashion industry, and how the phenomenon of digital convergence has enabled this.

Bibliography

Dwyer, T. (2010), Media Convergence, McGraw Hill, Berkshire

Jenkins, H. (2006), Convergence Culture: Where new and old media collide, New York University Press

Jenkins, Henry (2004), 'The cultural logic of media convergence', International Journal of Cultural Studies v1, available at: http://ics.sagepub.com/content/7/1/33.full.pdf

Khamis, S., Munt, A., (2010), The three C’s of Fashion Media today: Convergence, Creativity and Control, Scan Journal, Vol 7 No 2, retrieved 12 August 2011, at: http://scan.net.au/scan/journal/display.php?journal_id=155

Dolce & Gabbana S.R.L, (2012), Dolce & Gabbana, iPhone Applications Store

Atelierchristine.com (2012) Dolce & Gabbana Spring/Summer 2012 Ad Campaign | Atelier Christine. [online] Available at: http://atelierchristine.com/archives/4244/lookbook/dolce-gabbana-springsummer-2012-ad-campaign [Accessed: 31 Aug 2012].

dolcegabbanachannel (2012) YouTube - POUR FEMME & POUR HOMME by Dolce&Gabbana [new 45" uncut version]. [online] Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_UzD-NFEj0&feature=youtu.be [Accessed: 31 Aug 2012].

Facebook.com (2012) Dolce & Gabbana | Facebook. [online] Available at: https://www.facebook.com/DolceGabbana [Accessed: 31 Aug 2012].

swidemag (2009) YouTube - The super bloggers, Scott Schuman, Bryan Boy, Tommy Tom, Garance Dorè. [online] Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8egKFRAuGSg [Accessed: 28 August 2012].

The Style Rookie (2012) tavi gevinson's blog. [online] Available at: http://www.thestylerookie.com/ [Accessed: 28 August 2012].


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